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1. Article2026Open Access

   Between linkage and return: the engagement strategies of the Knowledge Brazil Program for the scientific diaspora(opens in a new tab)

   

   Cavasin, Mariana Luiza Castilho; Carneiro, Ana Maria

   Funded by CAPES

   In recent decades, countries of origin have increasingly sought to develop policies to engage with their scientific diaspora. These policy designs typically vary across models of repatriation, linkage, and circulation, aiming to strengthen national science, technology and innovation (STI) systems. This article analyses the design and early implementation of the Knowledge Brazil Program to identify the strategies prioritized by the Brazilian state in engaging with its scientific diaspora. The study is based on document analysis, program microdata, and media sources, including news reports and opinion articles from widely circulated outlets. The findings are synthesized through a SWOT analysis, identifying strengths in the program's design, which incorporates the three core components of diaspora engagement—repatriation, linkage, and circulation; weaknesses in the asymmetry between the program's axes, with a clear emphasis on repatriation; opportunities in the diaspora's willingness to contribute to the national STI system; and threats related to concerns regarding the absorption of researchers into academia after the program's completion.

   DOI: 10.3389/frma.2026.1854887DiasporaStrengths and weaknessesSWOT analysis
2. Article2026Open Access

   Studying the scientific diaspora: going beyond bibliometric methods(opens in a new tab)

   

   Carneiro, Ana Maria; Pereira, Cesar A. Guimarães; Meireles, Flavia; Romolo, Renata

   Funded by FAPESP, UNICAMP

   The international mobility of highly qualified scientists has drawn increasing attention from researchers and policymakers, especially regarding scientific diaspora networks. These networks enable exchange of knowledge and technology and academic collaboration, benefiting sending and receiving countries. Bibliometric methods have been widely used to track academic mobility flows, analyzing institutional affiliations and collaboration patterns. However, such methods have limitations for investigating the scientific diaspora, as they do not allow the identification of researchers’ nationality or birthplace. The aim of this article is to propose a multi-method approach to overcome these limitations, combining bibliometric techniques with supplemental sources, such as academic CV, institutional databases, and qualitative information. We applied this methodology to study scientific collaborations on COVID-19 involving the Brazilian scientific diaspora from 2020 to 2022, a period characterized by intense international cooperation. This analysis included variables such as gender, academic background, professional activity, and co-authorship patterns. Results show that the proposed approach enables more robust identification of diaspora researchers and their interactions with Brazil, which can provide relevant insights for science policies and engagement strategies of the diaspora. We conclude that the combination of bibliometric and qualitative data is essential for a better understanding of academic mobility and scientific diaspora dynamics, thereby contributing to the development of more effective policies for managing highly qualified human capital.

   DOI: 10.1007/s11192-026-05723-wDiasporaBibliometricsNationalityScientific literatureScientometrics